What are the key elements of a beneficiary feedback mechanism?

We do a survey at the end of each programme cycle and it gives us some useful data, but by the time we have the results the programme is over and we can’t act on the feedback until the next round. I want something more real-time — a way for beneficiaries to give us feedback while programmes are still running so we can actually respond. What are the different ways organisations collect ongoing feedback? And what makes a feedback mechanism actually work rather than just being something people feel they have to fill out?